Debunking the Misinterpretation of Epictetus’s Enchiridion

How Misinterpreting “Eph’hemin” as “Control” Distorts Epictetus’s Message on the Unconquerable Nature of Self-Reflective Reason

In the history of ancient philosophy, few teachings shine brighter than the Stoic lessons of Epictetus. Among his wise sayings, the famous “Control Dichotomy” holds a particularly interesting place. Often understood as a simple split between things we control and those beyond our ability, this dichotomy has changed through a more precise translation, challenging our normal understanding.

The traditional interpretation paints a clear picture: a world divided into two categories — our area (opinions, desires, etc.) and the external realm (other people, events, etc.). Yet, a closer look at the original text, especially A.A. Long’s translation, reveals a previously missed subtlety.

The key lies in the translation of Epictetus’s phrase, “eph’hemin,” often rendered as “under our control.” However, Long’s translation sheds light on the inaccuracy, showing that what truly belongs to us is not control, but the very ability of reason itself. This change in view marks a turning point in our understanding of the dichotomy.